EEG IN HALLUCINATIONS

Wen we think of partial seizures the first picture that jumps to mind is of a person with mets to his brain whose little finger won't stop jerking. Partial seizures can also present in lots of other ways and it is a good idea to consider an EEG in any of the following scenarios:. 1)Tingling or numbness that starts focally in one part of the body and spreads rapidly in that region over a course of seconds (primary somatosensory cortex is affected in these cases) 2) Seizures arising from the second sensory area located anterior to the pre-central gyrus can sensory aura of cold , pain or intense desire to move.These symptoms can be unilateral or bilateral. Sometimes it causes inability to move a body part due to "sensory inhibitory seizure". 3) Auras from the secondary motor area can cause tingling or a sensation of heaviness of the contralateral body. 4) Visual hallucinations that are of a formed nature characteristically arise from the temporal lobe wheras those that are non-formed arise from the temporal lobe. One of my memorable Kentucky patients used to have visual hallucinations that involved seeing basketball games on the walls of the hospital room. (It is to be remembered that seizures are not the only non-psychiatric cause for hallucinations; Peduncular hallucinations (visual hallucinations with sound track added) and Charles Bonnett hallucinations (visual hallucinations due to visual-sensory deprivation) 5) Formed auditory hallucinations involving sensation of sounds like ringing, booming, buzzing, etc arise from the superior temporal lobe (something to remember in cases of tinnitus) 6) Olfactory auras or uncinate fits are well known with "smell of burning rubber" and other smells being a manifestation of medial temporal lobe seizures. 7)Gustatory auras with bitter taste can arise from seizures affecting the parietal operculum 8) Epigastric auras have been described as nausea, tightness or churning feeling in the stomach; these usually arise from the temporal lobe, but can arise in any part of the brain. 9) Psychical auras with "flash-back" like phenomena are events with complex and formed -visual-sensory experiences. The patient invariably knows that these are not real. 10) Sexual auras are symptoms or signs of sexual arousal that occur in the absence of a stimulus and devoid of sexual content. Most of these are of temporal lobe etiology and have a female preponderance. 11) Emotional auras include unexplainable feelings of fear or panic and the EEG helps differntiate them from panic attacks.

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